| Liquid Diaphragm Pumps | Low to moderate flow; continuous or intermittent | Low to moderate pulsation, depending on design | Moderate accuracy; good repeatability for transfer | Reagent transfer, sample movement, general fluid handling in diagnostics and lab instruments | PTFE, elastomers, engineered plastics | No disposables; long service intervals | Low to moderate upfront cost; low maintenance | Thomas, AROzone |
| Peristaltic Pumps | Low to moderate flow; wide turndown | Moderate pulsation inherent to tubing compression | Moderate accuracy; repeatability dependent on tubing condition | Contamination-sensitive fluids, disposable flow paths, clinical chemistry | Tubing material only (silicone, PharMed®, Tygon®) | Tubing is consumable and regularly replaced | Moderate operating cost due to consumables | TriContinent |
| Positive Displacement Pumps | Very low to moderate flow; highly controlled | Very low pulsation; smooth, metered output | High accuracy and excellent repeatability | Micro-dosing, reagent metering, analytical and diagnostic manifolds | Ceramic, PTFE, PEEK, stainless steel (application-dependent) | No disposables; long service life | Moderate to higher upfront cost; low lifecycle risk | TriContinent |
| Solenoid / Diaphragm Liquid Dispense Pumps | Very low to low flow; discrete dispense volumes | Pulsed by nature; controlled electronically | Moderate to high repeatability for small doses | Point-of-care devices, compact dispensing, cost-sensitive platforms | PTFE, elastomers, engineered plastics | No disposables | Low to moderate cost; simple integration | Thomas, TriContinent |
| Syringe Pumps | Very low to low flow; programmable | Extremely low pulsation | Very high accuracy and repeatability | Analytical instrumentation, calibration systems, gradient flow control | Glass, PTFE, PEEK, ceramics | Syringes may be replaceable depending on design | Higher upfront cost; high precision value | TriContinent |
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